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The Kuhna Ark Mosque, located inside the historic Ichan Kala of Khiva, Uzbekistan, is one of the most remarkable landmarks that reflect the grandeur of Khiva’s royal and religious life. Part of the larger Kuhna Ark Citadel complex, this mosque once served as the private place of worship for the Khans of Khiva and their royal court. The word “Kuhna Ark” translates to “Old Fortress,” symbolizing its position as the earliest fortified structure in Khiva. The mosque stands as a fine example of traditional Khorezm architectural design, showcasing intricate tilework, wooden columns, and beautifully painted ceilings. Visiting the Kuhna Ark Mosque allows travelers to step back into the glorious past of the Khiva Khanate, witnessing where rulers once prayed, discussed matters of state, and observed religious ceremonies. Today, it remains one of the most photographed and historically significant sites in Uzbekistan.
The Kuhna Ark Mosque is conveniently located within the Ichan Kala, the walled inner city of Khiva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The nearest airport is Urgench International Airport, situated around 35 kilometers from Khiva. From Urgench, travelers can reach Khiva in about 40 to 45 minutes by taxi, private car, or shared minibus. Train services also connect Khiva to other major Uzbek cities, such as Tashkent, Bukhara, and Samarkand, making the journey comfortable and scenic. Once in Khiva, the old town is entirely walkable, and the Kuhna Ark Mosque lies near the western gate of Ichan Kala, easily accessible by foot. The site is clearly signposted and often visited first due to its proximity to the main entrance of the citadel.
Khiva has a desert climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold winters. The best time to visit the Kuhna Ark Mosque is during spring (April to June) and autumn (September to October), when temperatures range between 20°C and 30°C, creating pleasant sightseeing conditions. In the summer months (July and August), temperatures can rise above 40°C, so it is advisable to visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the heat. Winters (December to February) can be cold, with temperatures dropping below freezing, but the low tourist crowd makes for a peaceful and reflective visit. Regardless of the season, the clear blue skies and golden sunlight of Khiva make the Kuhna Ark Mosque a stunning sight throughout the year.
The Kuhna Ark Mosque is open daily from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Since it is located within Ichan Kala, visitors can easily explore it along with other nearby monuments such as the Kunya-Ark Citadel, Kalta Minor Minaret, and Juma Mosque. Early morning visits are ideal for photography, as the sunlight highlights the mosque’s intricate designs. Evening hours, especially during sunset, offer a magical atmosphere as the golden rays illuminate the blue tiles and domes of the complex. It’s advisable to check local timings during public holidays or festivals, as hours may vary slightly.
The Kuhna Ark Mosque is famous for being an integral part of Khiva’s royal fortress and for its elegant blend of spiritual and architectural beauty. It was used by the Khiva Khans and their courtiers for Friday prayers and private religious gatherings. The mosque represents the spiritual heart of the citadel, where the rulers combined governance with devotion. What makes it particularly unique is its placement within the fortress itself—a symbol of the Khans’ divine right to rule. Its strikingly simple yet majestic design, adorned with turquoise tiles, intricate calligraphy, and carved wooden columns, showcases the craftsmanship of Khorezm artisans. Today, it attracts historians, architects, and travelers who come to admire its serene atmosphere and exceptional artistry.
Entry to the Kuhna Ark Mosque is included in the general ticket for the Ichan Kala complex. The ticket usually costs between 50,000 and 100,000 Uzbek som for foreign visitors and gives access to most of the historical monuments in the walled city. The mosque is situated within the larger Kuhna Ark Citadel, which also houses a throne room, harem quarters, and a watchtower offering panoramic views of Khiva. Visitors are encouraged to explore the entire complex to appreciate the mosque’s historical significance in its original context. Modest dress is recommended, as this is a religious site. Photography is allowed, but it is advisable to be respectful when taking pictures, especially in areas where people may be praying or meditating.
The Kuhna Ark Mosque dates back to the 17th century and was constructed during the reign of Arang Khan. It was part of the royal fortress that served as both a residence and a center of governance for the Khiva Khans. The mosque played an important role in royal religious ceremonies, Friday prayers, and state events. It stands as one of the earliest surviving religious structures in the city and showcases the architectural evolution of Khiva during the Khorezm dynasty.
Architecturally, the Kuhna Ark Mosque reflects the typical Khorezmian style, known for its delicate tilework, wooden columns, and symmetrical layout. The main prayer hall is covered with a flat wooden ceiling supported by carved columns, each one unique in its design. The mihrab (prayer niche) is beautifully decorated with intricate blue and white glazed tiles, symbolizing the direction of Mecca. The exterior walls are constructed of baked bricks, creating a robust yet elegant appearance. The use of natural light within the prayer hall enhances the spiritual experience, as sunlight filters through small windows, casting soft patterns on the floor. The design emphasizes both simplicity and sacredness, making it a fine representation of Central Asian Islamic architecture.
Visitors to the Kuhna Ark Mosque can enjoy a variety of activities that combine history, architecture, and spirituality. Here are some recommended things to do:
Here are some interesting facts about the Kuhna Ark Mosque:
In conclusion, the Kuhna Ark Mosque in Khiva, Uzbekistan, stands as a timeless symbol of faith, power, and artistry. It beautifully blends spirituality with history, offering visitors an authentic experience of the city’s royal heritage. With its elegant design, serene ambiance, and fascinating past, the mosque remains one of the must-visit attractions in Khiva. A visit here allows travelers to connect deeply with the cultural and religious soul of Uzbekistan, making it an unforgettable highlight of any journey through Central Asia.
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