The Almendres Cromlech (Portuguese: Cromeleque dos Almendres) is one of the most significant and impressive megalithic monuments in the Iberian Peninsula. Located near Évora, in Portugal's Alentejo region, it is often referred to as the “Portuguese Stonehenge” due to its age, structure, and mysterious origin. Comprising nearly 100 standing stones arranged in circular and oval formations, Almendres Cromlech dates back to the 6th millennium BC—making it older than both Stonehenge and the Egyptian pyramids.
This Neolithic monument is thought to have been used for ceremonial or astronomical purposes, and its remote, natural setting enhances the spiritual atmosphere. Whether you're a history enthusiast, archaeology buff, or a curious traveler, Almendres Cromlech is a must-see when visiting Évora.
How to Reach Almendres Cromlech, Évora
Almendres Cromlech is located approximately 15 km west of Évora in the parish of Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe. While the monument is in a rural and somewhat isolated area, it is reachable by various means:
- By Car: The most convenient way to reach Almendres Cromlech is by car. From Évora, take the N114 and follow signs toward Guadalupe and Almendres. The final 4 km is a dirt road, so drive carefully.
- By Taxi: Local taxis from Évora can take you to the site and wait while you explore. Be sure to agree on a round-trip fare in advance.
- By Tour: Several local tour operators in Évora offer guided trips to the cromlech, often combining it with other historical landmarks.
- By Bicycle: Adventurous travelers can cycle from Évora, although the dirt road near the site may be challenging.
Weather at Almendres Cromlech
Almendres Cromlech lies in a region with a warm Mediterranean climate. It’s best to plan your visit according to the seasonal conditions:
- Spring (March–May): Mild temperatures (15–25°C), blooming fields, and comfortable hiking weather.
- Summer (June–August): Hot and dry (30–38°C). Mornings and evenings are the best times to visit due to the lack of shade at the site.
- Autumn (September–November): Cooler temperatures and golden landscapes make this a popular time for exploration.
- Winter (December–February): Mild and quiet, though the dirt road may become muddy after rain.
Opening Hours and Timing
- Access: The site is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It is an open-air monument without fencing or ticket booths.
- Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon for cooler temperatures and softer lighting, which also enhances the photographs.
- Duration: Most visitors spend about 45 minutes to 1 hour at the site.
Why Famous for Almendres Cromlech, Évora?
Almendres Cromlech is renowned for several reasons:
- Archaeological Importance: It is one of the largest and oldest megalithic sites in Europe.
- Astronomical Alignment: Many stones are believed to be aligned with the solstices and equinoxes, revealing its function as a prehistoric calendar.
- Mystical Atmosphere: The isolated location, quiet surroundings, and enigmatic stones create a deeply contemplative experience.
- Historical Relevance: The site provides crucial insights into the social and religious practices of Neolithic communities in the Iberian Peninsula.
Entry and Visit Details
- Entry Fee: Free
- Facilities: There are no restrooms, ticket counters, or visitor centers at the site. Carry water and snacks if needed.
- Parking: A small parking area is available at the entrance. From there, a short walk leads to the stones.
- Signage: Informational panels in Portuguese and English provide background on the monument’s history and significance.
History and Architecture
Almendres Cromlech was constructed during the Neolithic period, around 6000 to 4000 BC. It is believed to have served as a sacred site for rituals, solar observations, or burial ceremonies. The monument consists of about 95 granite monoliths, most of which are upright while a few have fallen or been displaced over the centuries.
The stones are arranged in two main oval formations and vary in height, with some reaching over 2 meters. Several monoliths feature engraved carvings—mainly spirals, crescents, and anthropomorphic shapes—which are rare and offer clues about the religious and cultural beliefs of the builders.
Rediscovered in the 1960s by archaeologist Henrique Leonor Pina, Almendres Cromlech underwent multiple studies and conservation efforts. It is now recognized as a National Monument of Portugal and is part of the broader Megalithic Heritage of the Alentejo region.
Things to Do at Almendres Cromlech
- Explore the Stone Circle: Walk among the standing stones and observe their shapes, sizes, and engravings.
- Photography: The morning and late afternoon light cast dramatic shadows and create a magical setting for photos.
- Stargazing: Visit during twilight or on a clear night to experience the connection between the stones and the sky.
- Learn from Interpretive Panels: Gain insights into the site's historical and archaeological context.
- Connect with Nature: The peaceful countryside and nearby cork oak trees create a relaxing atmosphere.
Interesting Facts about Almendres Cromlech
- Almendres Cromlech is older than Stonehenge by at least 2,000 years.
- The site was rediscovered accidentally by a forestry engineer in the 1960s.
- Some stones have carvings that are unique to the Iberian Peninsula.
- The site likely served as a sacred religious center over thousands of years.
- The nearby Almendres Menhir, a single tall standing stone, may have been part of the larger ceremonial complex.
Tips for Visiting Almendres Cromlech, Évora
- Wear comfortable walking shoes—the last part of the road is unpaved and may be rocky or muddy.
- Bring water, especially during the summer, as there are no shops or fountains nearby.
- If you’re interested in prehistory, consider combining your visit with a stop at the Megalithism Interpretive Center in Évora.
- Respect the site by not climbing or touching the stones—preservation is key to maintaining this ancient heritage.
- Visit during sunrise or sunset for an unforgettable, atmospheric experience.
