Rohtas Fort

Rohtas Fort is a majestic historical site located in the Jhelum District of Punjab, Pakistan. Built during the 16th century by the Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, Rohtas Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that holds great historical, cultural, and architectural significance. The fort stands as a symbol of military prowess and strategic importance, constructed with the purpose of securing the region from invasions. Known for its impressive defensive architecture, massive walls, and robust gates, Rohtas Fort has long been a point of interest for history enthusiasts, architecture lovers, and tourists seeking to explore the rich cultural heritage of Pakistan.

How to Reach Rohtas Fort

Rohtas Fort is located around 16 kilometers (10 miles) south of the city of Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan. Here are the main ways to reach the fort:

• By Car: The fort is easily accessible by road from Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Lahore. It is approximately a 2-hour drive from Islamabad and around 3.5 hours from Lahore. You can take the GT Road (N-5) towards Jhelum and then follow the signs to Rohtas Fort. The road is well-paved, making it convenient for tourists traveling by car.
• By Bus: Several bus services operate between Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Jhelum. After reaching Jhelum, you can hire a taxi or take a rickshaw to Rohtas Fort. Public transport is a more affordable option, although it might take longer than traveling by car.
• By Train: Jhelum Railway Station is well-connected to major cities like Rawalpindi and Lahore. From the railway station, you can hire a local taxi or rickshaw to reach the fort.

Weather and Best Time to Visit

Rohtas Fort experiences a hot semi-arid climate, with hot summers and mild winters. The best time to visit the fort is during the cooler months, particularly from October to March. Here’s a breakdown of the weather:

• Summer (April to June): Summer temperatures in the region can soar above 40°C (104°F), making it very hot for sightseeing. If you must visit during the summer, it's advisable to go early in the morning or in the late afternoon to avoid the heat.
• Monsoon (July to September): The monsoon season brings moderate rainfall, cooling down the temperature slightly. However, heavy rains can make the terrain slippery, so it’s not the most ideal time for outdoor exploration.
• Winter (November to February): Winter offers mild and pleasant temperatures, ranging from 10°C to 20°C (50°F to 68°F), making it the most comfortable time to visit Rohtas Fort. The cooler weather allows for a more enjoyable sightseeing experience.
• Spring (March to April): Spring also provides mild weather, with moderate temperatures and a blooming landscape. It’s an excellent time to visit, as the surroundings are lush and green.

Why Rohtas Fort is Famous?

Rohtas Fort is famous for several reasons, with its architectural beauty, historical significance, and strategic importance standing out. Here are some key factors contributing to its fame:

• Historical Significance: Rohtas Fort was built by Sher Shah Suri, the founder of the Suri Empire, as a military stronghold to prevent the return of the Mughal Emperor Humayun. The fort played a crucial role in the region’s defense and was a symbol of power and control during its time.
• Architectural Masterpiece: The fort is known for its outstanding Mughal military architecture, with towering walls, grand gates, and a series of defensive structures. The fort’s architecture blends Islamic, Persian, and Indian styles, making it one of the most impressive examples of the era.
• UNESCO World Heritage Status: In 1997, Rohtas Fort was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its exceptional architectural and historical value. This recognition has helped preserve the fort and raise awareness about its importance.
• Strategic Location: The fort is strategically located atop a hill, providing a commanding view of the surrounding areas. This strategic location helped the fort play a key role in the military campaigns of the time, allowing its defenders to spot any approaching enemy forces.

Entry and Visit Details

Rohtas Fort is open to visitors year-round, offering a glimpse into the grandeur of the past. Here are some important details for your visit:

• Opening Hours: Rohtas Fort is open to the public every day from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM. The fort is best visited during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat, especially during the summer months.
• Entry Fees: The entry fee for local visitors is nominal, while foreign tourists may be required to pay a slightly higher fee. The revenue from these fees is used for the upkeep and preservation of the site.
• Parking: Parking facilities are available near the entrance of Rohtas Fort. You can park your vehicle in the designated parking area and explore the fort on foot.
• Guided Tours: It is recommended to take a guided tour when visiting Rohtas Fort to better understand its history, architecture, and significance. Local guides are available at the entrance and can provide insightful commentary about the fort’s past and its importance during the Mughal era.

History and Architecture

Rohtas Fort was commissioned by Sher Shah Suri in 1541 as a means of solidifying his control over the region and to prevent the return of the exiled Mughal Emperor Humayun. The fort was strategically located at a point between the Mughal-controlled areas and the Suri Empire to prevent any attempts at reconquest by the Mughals. It took over eight years to complete the fort, and its design was heavily influenced by Islamic and Persian military architecture.

The fort is renowned for its massive walls that stretch over 4 kilometers (2.5 miles), which are punctuated by 12 large gates. The walls were designed to withstand heavy attacks and are built from large, tightly fitted stones. The main entrance, known as the "Shahi Gate," is an imposing structure that is one of the most photographed parts of the fort.

Rohtas Fort also features several other important structures, including a mosque, royal gardens, and an elaborate system of underground water channels. The fort’s design showcases the military and engineering expertise of the time, as well as the strategic vision of its creator, Sher Shah Suri.

Things to Do Around Rohtas Fort

While visiting Rohtas Fort, you can enjoy a range of activities to explore the rich history and beauty of the site:

• Explore the Fort Walls: The massive defensive walls of Rohtas Fort are a must-see. You can walk along the ramparts and enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, including the nearby countryside and hills.
• Visit the Gates: Rohtas Fort is known for its impressive gates, especially the Shahi Gate, which is the main entrance. You can walk through the gates and admire their design, which blends military functionality with architectural elegance.
• Photography: Rohtas Fort is an excellent location for photography, especially if you enjoy capturing historical sites and grand architecture. The fort’s imposing structures, picturesque surroundings, and ancient beauty provide fantastic photo opportunities.
• Learn About History: You can visit the on-site museum or take a guided tour to learn more about the history of Rohtas Fort, its role in the Mughal-Suri conflict, and its architectural features.

Facts and Tips About Rohtas Fort

• UNESCO Heritage Status: Rohtas Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an important cultural landmark in Pakistan.
• Respect the Site: As a historical and cultural site, visitors should respect the monument by not climbing on the walls or defacing the property.
• Stay Hydrated: Since Rohtas Fort is located in a semi-arid region, make sure to carry enough water, especially if you are visiting during the summer months.
• Wear Comfortable Footwear: The fort covers a large area, and exploring it involves walking on uneven terrain. Wear comfortable shoes to make your visit more enjoyable.

Conclusion

Rohtas Fort stands as a monumental testament to the military genius of Sher Shah Suri and the architectural grandeur of the Mughal era. The fort's impressive structure, historical significance, and strategic location make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Pakistan's rich cultural heritage. Whether you’re a history buff, architecture enthusiast, or just looking for a scenic and peaceful destination, Rohtas Fort offers a memorable experience.