Geigraphical Location:  Uttar Pradesh is bounded on the north by Nepal and Tibet and, in India, by Himachal Pradesh on the northwest, Haryana state and the union territory of Delhi on the west, Rajasthan state on the southwest, Madhya Pradesh state on the south, and Bihar on the east.

Capital:  Lucknow - the exotic land of the Nawabs. Also know as the land of exquisite sunrise and sunset.

Area:  2, 94, 411 sq. km.

Population:  13.91 crore (Acc. to 1991 census )

Climate:  Maximum Temperature during May-June - 48C°, Minimum Temperature during January - 0xC, Rainfall - 26-54 mm

History Of Uttar Pradesh:  Capital Lucknow Population(2001 census) 166,052,859 Literacy Rate 57.36% Principal Language Hindi and Urdu Main Rivers Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomati and Ghanghara Adjoining States Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttranchal, Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar Main Crops Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Jwar, Bajra, Maize, Urad, Moong, Arhar, Gram Main Fruits Mango, Guava, Apple Main Minerals Limestone, Dolomite, Magnetite, Soapstone, Gypsum, Glass sand, marble, Granite, Phosphorus, Bauxite, Non-plastic Fireclay Main Industries Cement, Vegetable Oils, Textiles, Cotton yarn, Sugar, Jute, Glassware and Bangles, Metals, Carpets, Brassware, Electronics, Automobiles Main Handicrafts Chikan Work, Zari work, Wooden toys and furniture, Terracotta toys and Brass work

Uttar Pradesh forms a major area of the Northern fertile plain or the Indo-Gangetic plain. This area is said to have been occupied by the group of people referred to as "Dasas" by the Aryans. Their main occupation of these inhabitants was agriculture. Till BC 2000 the Aryans had not settled in this region. It was through conquest that the Aryans occupied this area and laid the foundations of a Hindu civilization. The regions of Uttar Pradesh was said to have been the ancient Panchala country.

The great war of the Mahabharata between the Kauravas and Pandavas was said to have been fought here. Besides the Kurus and Panchalas the Vatsas, the Kosis, Hosalas, Videhas etc formed the early region of Uttar Pradesh. These areas were called Madhyadesa. It was during the Aryan inhabitation that the epics of Mahabharata, Ramayana, the Brahamanas and Puranas were written. During the reign of Ashoka, works for public welfare was taken up. Having rich resources there was active trade within and outside the country. The rule of the Magadha empire brought Buddhism and Jainism into this region. This period witnessed administrative and economic advancement.

The Kushanas exercised their power over this region till 320AD. The territory passed into the hands of the Guptas during whose rule, the Huns invaded this region. After the decline of the Guptas, the Maukharis of Kannauj gained power. During the rule of Harshavardhana, Kannauj was an important city. After his rule political chaso set it. It was amidst this confusion that the Muslims invaded into Utter Pradesh though the society was dominated by the Rajputs, jats and other local chiefs. In 1016AD Mahmud of Ghazni laid his eyes on the wealth of Kannauj.

He was followed by Mohammad Ghori. Throughout the rule of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals, the territory progressed. After the Mughals the Jats, the Rohillas, and the Marathas established their rule. By 1803 the British controlled this region and annexed it by 1856. It was in the Uttar Pradesh (The period between 1857-58) that the first struggle for liberation from the British yoke was unleashed. The revolt was suppressed and from then till independence it remained under British dominance. In 1950 the state was organised and named as Uttar Pradesh.

Best known features: Majestic Taj Mahal, monument of eternal love built by Shahjahan in Agra (the capital of Mughal), is the most well-known landmark in UP. There are two ethnographic groups who live there (Mongoloid peoples in the far north near the Tibet boundary and Aryan-Dravidian in the plains and the hill and plateau region of the central and southern region). Hindus consist of more than 80 percent of the entire population and Muslims, more than 15 percent.

Uttar Pradesh has a biggest population of nearly 167 million. The western plain is the most urban region. Agriculture is the most important section of the UP