Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa, located in the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, is one of Sri Lanka’s most revered and significant Buddhist structures. This grand stupa is a symbol of both historical and spiritual importance, and it stands as a testament to the island’s ancient Buddhist civilization. Built during the reign of King Parakramabahu I, it is not only an architectural masterpiece but also a major pilgrimage site for Buddhists worldwide. The stupa’s enormous size, stunning architecture, and rich history make it an unmissable site for visitors exploring the cultural heritage of Polonnaruwa.

History of Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa was originally constructed by King Parakramabahu I in the 12th century, marking the height of Polonnaruwa’s golden age. The stupa was built to enshrine the relics of the Buddha, which were placed in a casket inside the dome. The structure of Ruvanwelisaya is said to have been modeled after the famous Jetavanaramaya Stupa in Anuradhapura but was designed to be larger and more imposing.

Over time, the stupa fell into disrepair, and by the 17th century, much of it was in ruins. However, it was later restored by King Nissanka Malla in the 12th century and again during the 20th century, making it one of the finest preserved monuments of Sri Lanka’s ancient civilization. The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa has also been part of several religious and royal endeavors, contributing to Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist heritage.

Architecture of Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is an awe-inspiring structure, known for its monumental size and exceptional design. The stupa rises about 55 meters high, making it one of the tallest stupas in Sri Lanka. The massive dome is surrounded by a beautiful terrace and an intricately carved stone balustrade. The architecture of the stupa is a perfect example of ancient Sri Lankan engineering, with a smooth, spherical dome that tapers toward the top.

Surrounding the stupa are several smaller stupas, shrines, and stone pillars that add to the grandeur of the site. The stupa is also adorned with stone carvings depicting scenes from Buddhist mythology and daily life during the medieval period. These carvings, along with the polished stonework, demonstrate the high level of craftsmanship that went into constructing the stupa.

Why Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is Famous?

The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is famous for several reasons, both religious and historical. It is one of Sri Lanka’s most iconic monuments, revered by Buddhists as an important site of worship. Here are some of the reasons for its fame:

• Religious Significance: The stupa is believed to house sacred relics of the Buddha, making it an important pilgrimage destination for Buddhists around the world.
• Architectural Wonder: The stupa is one of the largest and most beautifully constructed in Sri Lanka, known for its grand dome and surrounding carvings.
• Historical Importance: Ruvanwelisaya represents the peak of Polonnaruwa’s prosperity, built during the reign of King Parakramabahu I, a time when Sri Lanka was a center of Buddhist learning and culture.
• Cultural Heritage: The site offers a glimpse into the architecture, art, and religious practices of medieval Sri Lanka.

How to Reach Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is located in the archaeological park of Polonnaruwa, easily accessible by road from various parts of Sri Lanka.

By Road: Polonnaruwa is about 216 km from Colombo and can be reached by car or bus in about 4-5 hours. From the city center of Polonnaruwa, the Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is just a short drive or walk away, located within the main archaeological complex.

By Train: The nearest train station to Polonnaruwa is in Habarana, approximately 40 km away. From there, visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach the stupa.

By Air: The closest major airport is Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. From the airport, visitors can take a taxi or hire a car to reach Polonnaruwa and the stupa.

Weather at Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

Polonnaruwa experiences a tropical climate, with warm temperatures year-round. The best time to visit is during the dry season, from December to April, when the weather is more pleasant for outdoor exploration. During this period, temperatures range from 25°C to 32°C, and rainfall is minimal.

Monsoon Season: From May to September, the area experiences the monsoon season, with occasional rainfall. It is still possible to visit during this time, but visitors should be prepared for occasional showers.

Timing of Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

The stupa is open to visitors every day of the week. The recommended visiting hours are:

Opening Time: 8:00 AM
Closing Time: 6:00 PM

It’s best to visit in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and the crowds. Early visits also provide a peaceful environment for those wishing to meditate or reflect at the stupa.

Entry and Visit Details

Entry to the Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is part of the ticket to the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Site. Tickets can be purchased at the main entrance to the archaeological park.

Ticket Price: The ticket fee for international visitors is usually around USD 25-30, which covers entry to the entire archaeological park, including the stupa, other ruins, and museums. Local visitors pay a smaller fee.

Visiting the stupa is free, but you can hire a guide to learn more about its history and significance. Visitors are advised to dress modestly, as the stupa is a sacred site for Buddhists.

Things to Do at Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

• Worship and Meditation: As a sacred site, visitors often stop to offer prayers or meditate in the peaceful surroundings of the stupa.
• Explore the Surrounding Ruins: The stupa is part of a larger archaeological complex, including other ancient temples, shrines, and ruins that can be explored.
• Admire the Sculptures and Carvings: Take time to appreciate the intricate stone carvings and reliefs on the stupa’s walls, depicting scenes from Buddhist lore.
• Photography: The stupa and its surroundings provide excellent opportunities for photography, especially at sunrise or sunset when the light creates dramatic effects on the dome.

Facts About Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

• The Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is one of the largest and tallest stupas in Sri Lanka, with a height of 55 meters.
• The stupa was originally built during the reign of King Parakramabahu I in the 12th century but was later restored several times.
• It is said that the stupa was built to enshrine relics of the Buddha, making it an important pilgrimage site.
• The stupa is surrounded by smaller stupas, stone pillars, and shrines, adding to its grandeur.

Tips for Visiting Ruvanwelisaya Stupa

• Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and large crowds.
• Wear comfortable footwear, as the archaeological site involves some walking.
• Bring water, sunscreen, and a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
• Respect the sacred nature of the site—avoid loud behavior and refrain from touching the artifacts or carvings.
• Consider hiring a local guide to help you understand the history and significance of the stupa.

Ruvanwelisaya Stupa is one of the most impressive and spiritually significant sites in Sri Lanka, offering visitors a glimpse into the island’s ancient Buddhist heritage. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a pilgrim, or someone simply appreciating the beauty of the architecture, a visit to this ancient stupa is a rewarding experience.